What Is Pterygium? How to Treat and Prevent Surfer’s Eye
Have you noticed a raised, pinkish growth on the white part of your eye? This common condition is called pterygium, though most people know it as “surfer’s eye”.
While it sounds intimidating, a pterygium is a benign (non-cancerous) growth of the conjunctiva. The conjunctiva is the clear tissue that covers the white of your eye. The growth usually starts in the inner corner of the eye. Over time, it slowly spreads toward your pupil.
Let us break down exactly what causes this condition, how to spot the early symptoms, and how to treat it.
What Causes Surfer’s Eye?
You do not have to be a surfer to get surfer’s eye. Anyone who spends a lot of time outdoors faces a higher risk.
The primary cause of pterygium is long-term exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light. Because the sun’s rays directly damage the eye’s surface, outdoor enthusiasts easily develop this condition. Several other environmental factors also contribute to its growth:
- Chronic Irritation: Constant exposure to harsh wind, dry conditions, and airborne dust irritates the eye.
- Geographical Location: People living at high altitudes or near the equator face much more intense UV light.
- Age: Older adults develop this condition more frequently due to decades of cumulative sun exposure.
- Genetics: A family history of pterygium increases your chances of developing it.
Symptoms: What Does Pterygium Feel Like?
A pterygium often starts small and causes zero symptoms. However, as the fleshy tissue grows, it creates noticeable discomfort.
You should monitor your eyes for the following warning signs:
- Redness and Swelling: The affected eye often looks persistently red and inflamed.
- Grittiness: You might feel like you have sand or a foreign object stuck in your eye.
- Dryness: The growth disrupts your natural tear film, causing severe dryness.
- Visual Impairment: In advanced cases, the tissue grows directly over your cornea. This physically obstructs your vision and alters the shape of your eye.
Pterygium vs. Pinguecula: What is the Difference?
Patients frequently confuse pterygium with a similar condition called pinguecula. Here is a quick guide to tell them apart:
| Feature | Pterygium (Surfer’s Eye) | Pinguecula |
| Appearance | A fleshy, triangular or wing-shaped growth. | A yellowish patch or small bump. |
| Location | Grows across the white of the eye and onto the cornea. | Stays strictly on the white part of the eye (the conjunctiva). |
| Vision Impact | Can block vision if it grows over the pupil. | Does not grow over the cornea; rarely affects vision. |
Note: A pinguecula can eventually turn into a pterygium if you ignore UV protection.
Treatment Options for Surfer’s Eye
Your treatment plan depends entirely on the size of the growth and your specific symptoms.
Eye doctors diagnose the condition during a comprehensive exam using a slit lamp. If the growth remains small and painless, your doctor might simply observe it over time.
To manage daily discomfort, doctors often prescribe lubricating artificial tears or anti-inflammatory eye drops. These medications effectively reduce swelling and soothe the gritty feeling.
However, if the pterygium threatens your vision or causes severe pain, you need surgical removal. During this outpatient procedure, a surgeon completely excises the growth. They often graft a piece of healthy conjunctival tissue onto the area to prevent the growth from returning.
How to Prevent Pterygium
Prevention is always the best medicine. You can significantly reduce your risk of developing a pterygium by protecting your eyes from the elements.
Always wear sunglasses that offer 100% UV protection when you step outside. Wide-brimmed hats provide an excellent secondary shield against the sun. If you work or play in windy, dusty environments, wear wrap-around protective eyewear. According to the American Academy of Ophthalmology, using artificial tears in dry conditions also washes away irritating dust before it causes damage.
Frequently Asked Questions (Q&A)
No. A pterygium is a completely benign (non-cancerous) growth. It will not spread to other parts of your body.
Yes, there is a risk of recurrence. However, modern surgical techniques, like conjunctival grafting, keep recurrence rates very low.
No. UV light and environmental irritants cause this condition. Screen time only causes digital eye strain.
Dedicated Eye Care in Kelowna
Do not let eye discomfort keep you indoors. If you notice a strange growth on your eye, you need a professional evaluation.
At Restore Surgical Centre, Dr. Keith Yap provides comprehensive assessments and surgical solutions. Whether you need an evaluation for surfer’s eye or an upper eyelid blepharoplasty, we are here to help. Contact our Kelowna clinic today to schedule your appointment.